Incidence of Dental Caries and Associated Factors in the School Period in a Municipality in Southern Brazil

Abstract Objective: To estimate the incidence of dental caries and associated factors in the school period from six/seven to ten years of age. Material and Methods: A longitudinal study involving 168 children was followed up between 2015 and 2019 in the municipality of Palhoça, Brazil. The dependent variable was the caries incidence rate in the mixed dentition. The independent variables included information regarding demographic and socioeconomic status. Multivariate analyzes were carried out using Poisson Regression with a robust estimator. Variables with p <0.20 in the bivariate analysis were included in the adjusted model. Relative risks were estimated, as well as 95% confidence intervals. Results: Of 168 followed schoolchildren, 32 developed the disease, providing an incidence rate of 19.0%. Female children had a 10% higher risk [RR = 1.10 (95% CI 1.03; 1.18)] of developing caries than males. Also, children born from fathers with ≤ 8 years of schooling at baseline had a 9% higher risk [RR = 1.09 (95% CI 1.01; 1.16)] of developing dental caries compared to fathers with higher education. Conclusion: The incidence of dental caries in a four-year period was 19.0%. Females and children born from fathers with a lower level of education showed higher incidence rates.

A relevância em abordar suporte básico de vida para estudantes em escolas públicas e privadas / The relevance of addressing basic life support for students in public and private schools / La relevancia de abordar el soportevital básico para estudiantes en escuelas públicas y privadas

Objetivo:Investigar a relevância da abordagem de suporte básico de vida aos estudantes nas escolas públicas e privadas. Método:Trata-se de um trabalho constituído através de um estudo descritivo, exploratório, por intermédio de uma revisão sistemática, utilizandoestratégias qualitativas de pesquisa. Ao todo, nove artigos foram escolhidos, cujos critérios foram inclusão, exclusão e éticos. Posteriormente houve a leitura dos textos completos e descarte de conteúdos que fugiam da temática. Utilizou-se como base de dados a Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde e a PUBMED (Serviço da U. S. National Library of Medicine). Resultados:Verificou-se que os estudantes que tiveram contato com a temática Suporte Básico de Vida, por meio de simulações e questionários, se mostraram mais preparados para salvar vidas, prevenir acidentes e reduzir danos. Visto que, as emoções e o desenvolvimento de habilidades foram diretamente ligadas, pois, as emoções positivas contribuíram para maior adesão das informações e desenvolvimento de habilidades. Considerações Finais: Assim sendo, os estudantes entendem a relevância de abordar esse assunto e com treinamento contínuo nas escolas a longo prazo irá manter a expertise dos alunos, garantindo chances altas para salvar uma vida.

Objective:To investigate the relevance of the basic life support approach to students in public and private schools. Method:This is a work constituted through a descriptive, exploratory study, through an integrative review, using qualitative research strategies. In all, nine articles were chosen, whose criteria were inclusion, exclusion and ethical. Subsequently, the complete texts were read and contents that deviated from the theme were discarded. The Virtual Health Library and PUBMED (Service of the U.S. National Library of Medicine) were used as a database. Results:It was found that students who had contact with the theme Basic Life Support, through simulations and questionnaires, were more prepared to save lives, prevent accidents and reduce harm. Since emotions and skill development were directly linked, as positive emotions contributed to greater adherence to information and skill development. Final considerations:Therefore, students understand the relevance of addressing this subject and with continuous training in schools in the long term, students' expertise will be maintained, guaranteeing high chances of saving a life.

Objetivo:Investigar la pertinencia del abordaje de soporte vital básico para estudiantes de escuelas públicas y privadas. Método: Este es un trabajo constituido a través de un estudio descriptivo, exploratorio, a través de una revisión integradora, utilizando estrategias de investigación cualitativa. En total, se eligieron nueve artículos, cuyos criterios fueron de inclusión, exclusión y éticos. Posteriormente, se leyeron los textos completos y se descartaron los contenidos que se desviaban del tema. Se utilizó como base de datos la Virtual Health Library y PUBMED (Service of the U.S. National Library of Medicine). Resultados: Se constató que los estudiantes que tuvieron contacto con el tema Soporte Básico de Vida, a través de simulacros y cuestionarios, estaban máspreparados para salvar vidas, prevenir accidentes y reducir daños. Dado que las emociones y el desarrollo de habilidades estaban directamente relacionados, las emociones positivas contribuyeron a una mayor adherencia a la información y al desarrollo de habilidades. Consideraciones Finales: Por lo tanto, los estudiantes entienden la relevancia de abordar este tema y con la formación continua en las escuelas a largo plazo, se mantendrá la experiencia de los estudiantes, garantizando altas posibilidades de salvar una vida

Associação entre discriminação racial e cárie dentária em adolescentes / Association between racial discrimination and tooth decay in adolescents / Asociación entre discriminación racial y caries en adolescentes

Objetivo: Identificar a associação entre a presença de discriminação racial e a situação de saúde bucal relacionada à cárie dentária. Método:Estudo transversal, com amostra de 209 adolescentes, avaliados em ambiente escolar através da aplicação de questionário e exame clínico bucal. As variáveis foram: discriminação racial percebida, sociodemográficas e cárie dentária (presença de pelo menos um dente cariado). Os dados foram analisados pelos testes de Qui-quadrado de Pearson ou exato de Fisher e pela Regressão Logística Múltipla. Resultados:A maioria dos adolescentes era negra (66%), do sexo feminino (56,2%), com idade entre 14 e 16 anos (56%), heterossexual (73,2%) e cristã (59,3%). Em relação à situação socioeconômica 41,1% recebiam bolsa família e 19,2% tinham renda familiar de até um salário mínimo. A maior parte dos respondentes apresentou cárie (97,5%) e cerca de um quarto perdeu algum dente permanente. O índice médio do CPO-D foi de 3,7. Houve associação entre a raça/cor conforme o IBGE (p=0,033) e pela escalade cores da pele (p=0,012) e a ocorrência de cárie dentária. Adolescentes negros apresentaram duas vezes mais chances de terem cárie dentária (OR=2,11;IC=1,08-4,15). Conclusão:Os achados deste estudo permitem concluir que observou-se associação entre discriminação racial e cárie dentária.

Objective: To identify the association between the presence of racial discrimination and the oral health situation related to tooth decay. Method:Cross-sectional study, with a sample of 209 adolescents, evaluated in a school environment through the application of a questionnaire and clinical oral examination. The variables were perceived racial discrimination, sociodemographics, tooth decay (presence of at least one decayed tooth). Data were analyzed using Pearson's Chi-square or Fisher's exact tests and Multiple Logistic Regression. Results:The majority of adolescents were black (66%), female (56.2%), aged between 14 and 16 years old (56%), heterosexual (73.2%) and Christian (59.3%) . Regarding socioeconomic situation, 41.1% received a family allowance and 19.2% had a family income of up to one minimum wage. Most respondents had cavities (97.5%) and around a quarter lost some permanent teeth. Therewas an association between race/color according to IBGE (p=0.033) and skin color scale (p=0.012) and the occurrence of tooth decay. Black adolescents were twice as likely to have tooth decay (OR=2.11; CI=1.08-4.15). Conclusion:The findings of this study allow us to conclude that an association was observed between racial discrimination and tooth decay.

Objetivo:Identificar a associação entre a presença de discriminação racial e a situação de saúde bucal relacionada à cárie dentária. Método:Estudio transversal, con una muestra de 209 adolescentes, evaluados en el ambiente escolar mediante la aplicación de un cuestionario y examen clínico oral. Las variables fueron discriminación racial percibida, sociodemográfica, caries (presencia de al menos un diente cariado). Los datos se analizaron mediante las pruebas de Chi-cuadrado de Pearson o exacta de Fisher y Regresión Logística Múltiple. Resultados:La mayoría de los adolescentes eran negros (66%), mujeres (56,2%), con edades entre 14 y 16 años (56%), heterosexuales (73,2%) y cristianos (59,3%). En cuanto a la situación socioeconómica, el 41,1% recibía una asignación familiar y el 19,2% tenía un ingreso familiar de hasta un salario mínimo. La mayoría de los encuestados tenía caries (97,5%) y alrededor de una cuarta parte perdió algunos dientes permanentes. El índice CPOD promedio fue de 3,7. Hubo asociación entre raza/color según IBGE (p=0,033) y escala de color de piel (p=0,012) y la aparición de caries. Los adolescentes negros tenían el doble de probabilidades de tener caries (OR=2,11; IC=1,08-4,15). Conclusión:Los hallazgos de este estudio nos permiten concluir que se observó una asociación entre la discriminación racial y la caries

Procedimento online de incentivo à leitura em crianças com dificuldades escolares e seus responsáveis, durante a pandemia de COVID-19 / Online procedure to encourage reading in children with school difficulties and their guardians, during the COVID-19 pandemic

RESUMO A escola é o principal ambiente para a promoção formal da alfabetização e do letramento, os quais são portas para o mundo da leitura. Porém, com a ocorrência da pandemia do COVID-19, as atividades pedagógicas tiveram que ser suspensas ou adaptadas ao modelo remoto, acarretando prejuízos a todos os alunos, e principalmente àqueles que já apresentavam dificuldades escolares, especialmente as relacionadas à leitura. Sabe-se que a proficiência e o hábito de leitura são condições importantes para o desenvolvimento acadêmico geral. Estudos têm demonstrado que a aplicação de estratégias no contexto familiar e a utilização de plataformas digitais, com a finalidade de compartilhamento de leituras, são práticas favorecedoras do hábito leitor. Dessa forma, o presente estudo objetivou relatar as experiências da aplicação online de um procedimento de incentivo à leitura, em crianças com dificuldades escolares e seus respectivos responsáveis (seis díades), com a utilização de uma plataforma digital específica para compartilhamentos de leituras. Dentre os resultados obtidos estão: a mudança de comportamentos das crianças envolvidas para maior propensão a hábitos leitores, a mudança de atitudes diárias das mães no ambiente familiar para o incentivo à leitura, e a presença de comportamentos incentivadores por parte das mães, frente ao compartilhamento de leituras de seus filhos. As experiências relatadas mostraram-se promissoras e para maior consolidação dos achados, sugerem-se novos estudos com número amostral que permita análises estatísticas, estudos longitudinais e também com uma possível aplicação presencial ou híbrida do procedimento.

ABSTRACT School is the main environment for the formal promotion of literacy and it is the first step to the world of reading. However, with the occurrence of the COVID-19 pandemic, pedagogical activities had to be suspended or adapted to the remote model, causing harm to all students, and notably to those who already had school difficulties, especially those related to reading. Proficiency and the habit of reading are important conditions for academic development. Studies have shown that the application of strategies in the family context and the use of digital platforms, with the purpose of sharing readings, are practices that promote the reading habit. Therefore, the present study aimed to report the experiences of applying an online procedure to encourage reading in children with school difficulties and their respective guardians (six dyads), using a specific digital platform for sharing readings. The results obtained include a behavioral change in the children towards solid reading habits, a change in mothers' daily attitudes in the family environment towards encouraging reading, and mothers' encouraging behaviors when sharing their children's reading. The experiences reported were promising and, to further consolidate the findings, new studies are suggested with a sample size that allows statistical analyses, longitudinal studies and also with a possible face-to-face or hybrid application of the procedure.

Construção e validação de cartilha educativa sobre suporte básico de vida para estudantes do ensino médio / Construction and validation of an educational booklet on basic life support for high school students / Construcción y validación de carpeta educativa sobre soporte vital básico para estudiantes de secundaria

O objetivo deste estudo é construir e validar uma cartilha educativa para estudantes do ensino médio sobre Suporte Básico de Vida nas escolas. Trata-se de uma pesquisa metodológica, realizada em três etapas. Na primeira etapa foi realizada revisão bibliográfica, na segunda etapa procedeu-se a elaboração da cartilha educativa e por fim, a validação do material por especialistas. Entre os resultados destaca-se que a cartilha aborda as principais recomendações acerca da segurança do socorrista e suporte básico de vida no adulto e possui 14 páginas. Conclui-se que todos os itens da cartilha educativa obtiveram índice de validade de conteúdo maior que 0,82 conseguindo a validação.

The objective of this study is to build and validate an educational booklet for high school students about Basic Life Support in schools. This is a methodological research, carried out in three stages. In the first stage, a bibliographic review was carried out, in the second stage, the educational booklet was elaborated and, finally, the material was validated by specialists in the subject. Among the results, it is highlighted that the booklet addresses the main recommendations regarding rescuer safety and basic adult life support and has 14 pages. It was concluded that all items in the educational booklet had a content validity index greater than 0.82, achieving validation.

El objetivo de este estudio es construir y validar una cartilla educativa para estudiantes de secundaria sobre Soporte Vital Básico en las escuelas. Se trata de una investigación metodológica, realizada en tres etapas. En la primera etapa se realizó una revisión bibliográfica, en la segunda etapa se elaboró la cartilla educativa y, finalmente, el material fue validado por especialistas en el tema. Entre los resultados, se destaca que la cartilla aborda las principales recomendaciones sobre seguridad del reanimador y soporte vital básico del adulto y tiene 14 páginas. Se concluyó que todos los ítems de la cartilla educativa tuvieron un índice de validez de contenido superior a 0,82, lográndose la validación.

Terminal efficiency, Lag and dropout in cohorts from 2007 to 2014 of dental students at the University of Costa Rica / Eficiencia terminal, rezago y abandono en las cohortes del 2007 al 2014 de estudiantes de Odontología de la Universidad de Costa Rica

Abstract Determine the terminal efficiency, lag and dropout in the cohorts of students who entered the dentistry career at the Faculty of Dentistry at University of Costa Rica in the lapse 2007 to 2014. Data from 736 files were collected. The variables considered were sex, admission age, nationality, marital status, children, admission note, domicile and high school. The data was collected from the Student Application System, the physical files, and the data base from the Supreme Court of Elections of Costa Rica. Descriptive statistics, bivariate and multivariate analysis were made, which were implemented from two logistic regression models. 98% of the students were Costa Rican, 68% women, 79% entered according to the admission note, 43% entered with an age of 18 years or less, 50% came from a public school, 77% resided in the Greater Metropolitan Area and 95% were single and remained without children. The average terminal efficiency was 6%; 46% of students have graduated with lag, 16% are still enrolled and 32% dropped out. Sex, age, admission note, and motherhood are sociodemographic variables that are associated with terminal efficiency and dropout. The average terminal efficiency in the cohorts from 2007 to 2014 in the courses at the Faculty of Dentistry University of Costa Rica was very low, almost half of the students graduated with lag and about a third dropped out the studies. The grade from the admission note seems to be a predictor of students'academic behavior, higher grade had more chances of graduating and less likely to dropout.

Resumen Determinar la eficiencia terminal, el rezago y el abandono en las cohortes de los estudiantes que ingresaron a la carrera de Odontología de la Facultad de Odontología UCR en el período 2007 al 2014. Se recopilaron los datos de 736 expedientes. Las variables consideradas fueron: sexo, edad de ingreso, nacionalidad, estado civil, hijos, lugar y colegio de procedencia, y nota de examen de admisión. Los datos se recopilaron del Sistema de Aplicaciones Estudiantiles, los expedientes físicos y del Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones de Costa Rica. Se realizó estadística descriptiva, análisis bivariado y multivariado que se implementó a partir de dos modelos de regresión logística. El 98% de los estudiantes fueron costarricenses, el 68% mujeres, el 79% ingresó según la nota de admisión, el 43% ingresó con una edad de 18 años o menos, el 50% provenía de un colegio público, el 77% residía en la gran área Metropolitana y el 95% eran solteros y permanecieron sin hijos. La eficiencia terminal en promedio fue de 6%; el 46% de los estudiantes se han graduado con rezago, el 16% continúan matriculados y el 32% hizo abandono de los estudios. El sexo, la edad, la nota del examen de admisión y la maternidad son variables sociodemográficas que se asocian con la eficiencia terminal y el abandono. El promedio de la eficiencia terminal en las cohortes del 2007 al 2014 en la carrera de Odontología de la Facultad de Odontología UCR fue muy bajo, casi la mitad de los estudiantes se han graduado con rezago y cerca de un tercio hizo abandono de los estudios. La nota del examen de admisión parece ser un predictor en el comportamiento académico de los estudiantes: a mayor nota más posibilidades de graduarse y menos de abandonar la carrera.

Uniforme e a imagem da enfermeira formada pela Escola de Enfermeiras Rachel Haddock Lobo / Uniform and the image of the nurse graduated from the Rachel Haddock Lobo Nursing School / Uniforme e imagen de la enfermera egresada de la Escuela de Enfermería Rachel Haddock Lobo

Objetivo: analisar os efeitos simbólicos dos uniformes utilizados pelas alunas da Escola de Enfermeiras Rachel Haddock Lobo. Método: estudo histórico-social, com corpus documental constituído de fontes orais, escritas e fotográficas que retratam os uniformes, no período de 1948 a 1951, que corresponde a inauguração da escola até a formação da primeira turma. A análise dos dados fundamentou-se nos conceitos de Pierre Bourdieu. Resultados: as alunas utilizaram três tipos de uniformes: hospitalar, saúde pública e de enfermeira. Durante a formação, rituais como a recepção da touca e a diplomação institucionalizaram e solenizaram o uso do uniforme. As professoras utilizavam uniformes de sua escola de formação. Conclusão: os uniformes foram utilizados como estratégia desenvolvida pelas enfermeiras da Escola para o fortalecimento da imagem da enfermeira de alto padrão na sociedade.

Objective: to analyze the symbolic effects of the uniforms worn by students at the Rachel Haddock Lobo Nursing School. Method: historical-social study, with a documentary corpus consisting of oral, written and photographic sources that portray uniforms, from 1948 to 1951, which corresponds to the inauguration of the school until the formation of the first class. Data analysis was based on Pierre Bourdieu's concepts. Results: the students wore three types of uniforms: hospital, public health and nurse. During training, rituals such as receiving the cap and receiving diplomas institutionalized and solemnized the use of the uniform. The professors wore uniforms from their training school. Conclusion: uniforms were used as a strategy developed by the School's nurses to strengthen the image of high-standard nurses in society.

Objetivo: analizar los efectos simbólicos de los uniformes usados por las alumnas de la Escuela de Enfermería Rachel Haddock Lobo. Método: estudio histórico-social, con un corpus documental compuesto por fuentes orales, escritas y fotográficas que retratan uniformes, desde 1948 a 1951, que corresponde desde la inauguración del colegio hasta la formación del primer grupo. El análisis de los datos se basó en los conceptos de Pierre Bourdieu. Resultados: las alumnas usaron tres tipos de uniforme: hospitalario, de salud pública y de enfermera. Durante la formación, rituales como recibir la cofia y el diploma institucionalizaron y solemnizaron el uso del uniforme. Las profesoras usaban uniformes de su escuela de formación. Conclusión: los uniformes fueron utilizados como una estrategia desarrollada por las enfermeras de la Escuela para fortalecer la imagen de la enfermería de alto estándar en la sociedad.

Desdobramentos do primeiro vestibular unificado para a identidade profissional da Enfermagem brasileira / Consequences from the first unified entrance exam for the professional identity of Brazilian Nursing / Consecuencias causadas por el primer examen de ingreso unificado para la identidad profesional de la Enfermería Brasileña

Objetivo: descrever o primeiro concurso de vestibular unificado em relação as carreiras biomédicas; analisar os desdobramentos do primeiro concurso de vestibular unificado para a identidade profissional da enfermagem. Método: estudo histórico-social, descritivo, de abordagem qualitativa, que utilizou como fontes 22 publicações sobre o vestibular de 1971 do Jornal dos Sports. Dados foram coletados de julho a setembro de 2021 e analisados pelo referencial de identidade profissional. Resultados: o vestibular unificado permitiu a entrada de 47 homens, pela primeira vez, e 33 mulheres. Majoritariamente não-classificados para medicina, a opção destes candidatos em matricular-se na opção secundária foi uma estratégia de vinculação a uma instituição federal o que atrasou o preenchimento das vagas ociosas e suscitou 11 chamadas reclassificatórias. Conclusão: o vestibular unificado dificultou o acesso ao curso de enfermagem por candidatos convictos da escolha profissional. Admitir candidatos cuja primeira escolha era medicina propiciou a evasão do curso.

Objective: to describe the first unified entrance exam in relation to biomedical careers; analyze the consequences of the first unified entrance exam for nursing professional identity. Method: historical-social, descriptive study, with a qualitative approach, which used as sources 22 publications about the 1971 entrance exam from Jornal dos Sports. Data were collected from July to September/2021 and analyzed using the professional identity framework. Results: The unified entrance exam allowed 47 men to enter, for the first time, and 33 women. Mostly unclassified for medicine, these candidates' choice to enroll in the secondary option was a strategy to link them to a federal institution, which delayed the filling of unfilled vacancies and led to 11 calls for reclassification. Conclusion: the unified entrance exam made it difficult for candidates convinced of their professional choice to access the nursing course. Admitting candidates whose first choice was medicine led to dropouts.

Objetivo: describir el primer examen unificado de ingreso con relación a las carreras biomédicas; analizar las consecuencias del primer examen unificado de ingreso a la universidad respecto a la identidad profesional de enfermería. Método: estudio histórico-social, descriptivo, con enfoque cualitativo, que utilizó como fuentes 22 publicaciones sobre el examen de ingreso de 1971 del Jornal dos Sports. Los datos se recopilaron de julio a septiembre de 2021 y se analizaron utilizando el marco de identidad profesional. Resultados: el examen de ingreso unificado permitió el acceso de 47 hombres, por primera vez, y 33 mujeres. En su mayoría no clasificados para medicina, la elección de estos candidatos de inscribirse en la segunda opción fue una estrategia para vincularse a una institución federal, lo que retrasó la ocupación de vacantes ociosas y generó 11 convocatorias de reclasificación. Conclusión: el examen de ingreso unificado dificultó el acceso a la carrera de enfermería a candidatos convictos de su elección profesional. La admisión de candidatos cuya primera opción era medicina condujo a la deserción del curso.

Movilidades y experiencia escolar en la periferia urbana de Córdoba, Argentina / Mobilities and School Experience in the Urban Periphery of Córdoba, Argentina / Mobilidades e Experiência Escolar na Periferia Urbana de Córdoba, Argentina

(analítico) Se analizan las intersecciones entre territorio, movilidades y experiencias educativas de jóvenes de un barrio periférico de la ciudad de Córdoba, Argentina. A partir de un abordaje etnográfico, basado en observaciones, talleres de mapeo territorial y entrevistas grupales con estudiantes de nivel secundario, damos cuenta de una monopolización de tiempos y espacios por parte de la escuela, que inhibe su participación en otras esferas sociales significativas. Desde la perspectiva juvenil, la escuela asume una connotación paradojal: es un «buen lugar» para estar, aunque también un ámbito que no satisface demandas específicas relativas a la salud, el respeto a la diversidad y el reconocimiento. El papel de las/os educadoras/es no es impugnado, tanto como el modo en que muchas/os están pudiendo hacer frente a dichas demandas.

(analytical) This paper analyzes the intersections between territory, mobilities, and educational experiences of youngsters from a peripheral neighborhood in the city of Córdoba, Argentina. Through an ethno-graphic approach based on observations, territorial mapping workshops, and group interviews with secondary level students, we account for a monopolization of time and space by the school, which inhibits their participation in other significant social spheres. From the youth perspective, the school assumes a paradoxical connotation: it is a «good place» to be, although it is also an environment that does not meet specific demands related to health, respect for diversity, and recognition. The role of educators is not contested, as much as the way in which many of them are able to meet these demands.

(analítico) O trabalho analisa as interseções entre território, mobilidade e experiências educacionais de jovens de um bairro periférico da cidade de Córdoba, Argentina. Através de uma abordagem etnográfica baseada em observações, oficinas de mapeamento territorial e entrevistas em grupo com estudantes do ensino medio, reconhecemos uma monopolização do tempo e do espaço pela escola, o que inibe sua participação em outras esferas sociais significativas. Do ponto de vista dos jovens, a escola assume uma conotação paradoxal: é um «bom lugar» para estar, embora também seja um ambiente que não atende às demandas específicas relacionadas à saúde, respeito à diversidade e reconhecimento. O papel dos educadores não é contestado, assim como a maneira como muitos deles estão lidando com essas demandas.

Conformação da 'moderna' enfermagem brasileira e interfaces com os Saberes Psi: um estudo historiográfico - 1932-1988 / Conformation of the 'modern' Brazilian nursing and interfaces with Psy Knowledge: a historiographical study - 1932-1988

RESUMO Neste estudo, objetivou-se descrever e analisar a circulação de Saberes Psi - Psicologia, Psicanálise e Psiquiatria - na 'Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem' entre 1932 e 1988. Metodologicamente, é uma pesquisa historiográfica cujas fontes primárias foram 59 textos da referida revista que abordaram o conhecimento mencionado. Os resultados indicaram que os Saberes Psi eram objetos de interesse daquele coletivo que passou a divulgá-los no periódico e a introduzi-los nos currículos das escolas de enfermagem. Foram apropriados para compor o processo de conformação da enfermeira moderna por, pelo menos, três mecanismos: 1) ensino de psicologia voltado para a formação moral e comportamental da enfermeira; 2) ensino de psicologia, para sua capacitação na assistência ao doente, além da saúde do corpo; e 3) ensino de psiquiatria, para capacitar a enfermeira no cuidado com o adoecimento mental. Notam-se, portanto, os Saberes Psi circulando no coletivo de pensamento dos autores que publicavam na revista e, concomitantemente, coadunando com o estilo de pensamento Nightingaleano de formação da enfermeira considerada ideal. Logo, tais Saberes aludiram à conformação daquilo que seria considerada a enfermagem 'moderna' brasileira.

ABSTRATCT This study aims to describe and analyze the circulation of Psy Knowledge - Psychology, Psychoanalysis, and Psychiatry - in the journal 'Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem', between 1932 and 1988. Methodologically, it is a historiographical research whose primary sources were 59 texts from the aforementioned journal that addressed such Knowledge. The results indicated that the Psy Knowledge were subjects of interest to that collective that started to publicize it, in the journal, and to introduce it in the curricula of the Nursing Schools. They were appropriated to compose the process of conformation of the modern nurse by, at least, three mechanisms, namely: 1) teaching of Psychology toward the moral and behavioral training of nurses; 2) teaching of Psychology for the training in patient care, in addition to health of the body; and 3) Psychiatry teaching to train nurses in caring for mental illness. Therefore, Psy Knowledge circulated in the thought collective of those authors who published in the journal and, concomitantly, in line with the Nightingale style of thought for the 'ideal' training of nurses. Hence, such Knowledge alluded to the conformation of what would be considered the 'modern' Brazilian nursing.

Uma análise sobre o preenchimento do prontuário odontológico em uma universidade brasileira / Dental record filling out analysis at a Brazilian University

Esse estudo tem como objetivo investigar a qualidade do preenchimento do prontuário odontológico na Clínica Escola da Faculdade de Odontologia da Universidade Federal do Maranhão (UFMA) através da análise da percepção dos discentes sobre a temática e a avaliação de uma amostra de prontuários utilizados na instituição de ensino. Um estudo transversal foi conduzido com 67 discentes matriculados no Curso de Odontologia do quarto ao nono período do curso de graduação, representando 48,2% da população alvo. Além disso, foram analisados 73 prontuários preenchidos em atendimentos odontológicos nesta instituição do entre 2020 a 2022. Um questionário com questões abertas e fechadas foi respondido pelos participantes. As medidas de frequência absoluta e relativa foram utilizadas na análise descritiva dos dados. Observou-se que mais de 90% concordaram total ou parcialmente que preenchem corretamente os prontuários, entretanto, a análise dos prontuários revelou a ausência de itens obrigatórios A frequência do preenchimento dos itens obrigatórios está listada a seguir: identificação do paciente (80,8%), assinatura do docente (75,3%), termo de consentimento do paciente (74%), seção anamnese completa (69,9%), radiografias (64,4%), plano de tratamento (34,2%), questionário Covid (13,7%) e identificação dos discentes (60,3%). Os achados deste estudo indicam que é necessário o aperfeiçoamento das orientações pedagógicas sobre preenchimento do prontuário odontológico no intuito de reduzir possíveis inadequações no uso deste documento legal

This study aims to investigate the quality of dental record at the Dental School Clinic of Maranhao Federal University (UFMA) through analyzing the students' perception of the topic and evaluating a sample of records used at the educational institution. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 67 undergraduate dental students from second to fifth year, representing 48.2% of the target population. Additionally, 73 records that were filled out during dental appointments at this institution from 2020 to 2022 were analyzed. Participants responded a questionnaire containing both open-ended and closed-ended questions. Absolute and relative frequency measures were used in the descriptive data analysis. It was observed that over 90% partially or fully agreed that they correctly fill out the records, but the analysis of the records revealed the absence of mandatory items. The frequency of completion for the mandatory items is listed as follows: patient identification (80.8%), faculty signature (75.3%), patient consent form (74%), complete medical history section (69.9%), radiographs (64.4%), treatment plan (34.2%), Covid questionnaire (13.7%), and student identification (60.3%). The findings of this study indicate the need for improvement in pedagogical guidance on dental record completion in order to reduce possible inadequacies in the use of this legal document

Seeking treatment for traumatic dental injuries in schoolchildren: A multilevel analysis

ABSTRACT To investigate individual and contextual factors associated with seeking treatment for traumatic dental injuries. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 739 pairs of guardians and children. Guardians answered a questionnaire addressing sociodemographic characteristics, seeking treatment for a tooth injury in the child, and the Oral Health Literacy-Adult Questionnaire. Descriptive analysis and unadjusted and adjusted multilevel Poisson regression analysis (p<0.05). The prevalence of seeking treatment for traumatic dental injury was 44.7%. Sociodemographic variables associated were white skin of the child (PR = 1.30; 95% CI: 1.08-1.76), mother's age older than 35 years (PR = 1.70; 95% CI: 1.50-1.90), married parents (PR = 1.93; 95% CI: 1.70-2.23), guardians with more than eight years of schooling (PR = 2.00; 95% CI: 1.76-2.23), with adequate oral health literacy (PR = 3.33; 95% CI: 3.01-3.62) and the daily use of electronic devices by the child (PR = 1.26; 95% CI: 1.02-1.50). On the contextual level, attending a private school (PR = 1.77; 95% CI: 1.02-3.05) and the number of primary care units with oral health teams in the school district (PR = 1.78; 95% CI: 1.12-2.38) remained associated. Among the children who suffered TDI, adequate oral health literacy on the part of the parents stood out among the factors associated with seeking treatment.

Resumo Investigar fatores individuais e contextuais associados à busca de tratamento para lesões dentárias traumáticas. Foi realizado um estudo transversal com 739 pares de responsáveis e crianças. Os responsáveis responderam a um questionário abordando características sociodemográficas, busca por tratamento para traumatismo dentário na criança e o Questionário de alfabetização em saúde bucal para adulto. Análise descritiva e análise de regressão de Poisson multinível não ajustada e ajustada (p<0,05) foram realizadas. A prevalência de busca de tratamento para lesão dentária traumática foi de 44,7%. As variáveis sociodemográficas associadas foram a pele branca da criança (RP = 1,30; IC 95%: 1,08-1,76), idade da mãe maior que 35 anos (RP = 1,70; IC 95%: 1,50-1,90), os responsáveis casados (RP = 1,93; IC 95%: 1,70-2,23), com mais de oito anos de estudo (RP = 2,00; IC 95%: 1,76-2,23), com alfabetização adequada em saúde bucal (RP = 2,00; IC 95%: 1,76-2,23) e uso diário de dispositivos eletrônicos pela criança (RP = 1,26; IC 95%: 1,02-1,50). No nível contextual, frequentar uma escola particular (PR = 1,77; IC 95%: 1,02-3,05) e a quantidade de unidades básicas de saúde com equipes de saúde bucal no distrito sanitário da escola (PR = 1,78; IC 95%: 1,12-2,38) permaneceram associados. Entre as crianças que sofreram TDI, a alfabetização em saúde bucal adequada dos pais foi um fator que se destacou na busca por tratamento.

Importancia de la acreditación internacional de facultades de medicina

A partir de 2024, egresados de facultades de medicina que deseen hacer estudios de postgrado en los EE.UU o el Canadá, deberán graduarse en escuelas de medicina con programas educativos de calidad avalados por agencias reconocidas capaces de otorgar una acreditación internacional. La World Federation for Medical Education (WFME) es una de estas agencias. La WFME aceptó la nueva política de acreditación del Educational Committee for Foreign Medical Education (ECFMG) por la que médicos que postulen para la certificación del ECFMG del 2024 en adelante, tendrán que haberse graduado en un centro universitario de medicina acreditado por una agencia de aseguramiento de calidad que se encuentre reconocida por la WFME. El COMAEM (Consejo Mexicano para la Acreditación de la Educación Médica) está avalado por la WFME y otros organismos internacionales que aseguran la calidad de la educación superior. La acreditación que concede el COMAEM es un reconocimiento que el programa de medicina cumple con los criterios, indicadores y parámetros de calidad establecidos por este organismo. A partir de 2024, los egresados de un programa acreditado podrán postular para la certificación del ECFMG a través del examen de licencia médica de los Estados Unidos o USMLE (United States Medical Licensing Examination) y así poder hacer una residencia de especialización o trabajar en EE. UU. En el Perú, solo la Facultad de Medicina Alberto Hurtado de la Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia ha completado el proceso de acreditación internacional a través de COMAEM y ha recibido dicha acreditación.

As of 2024, medical school graduates who wish to pursue graduate studies in the U.S. or in Canada, they must have graduated from medical schools with quality educational programs endorsed by recognized agencies, capable of granting international accreditation. The World Federation for Medical Education (WFME) is one of these agencies. The WFME accepted the new accreditation policy of the Educational Committee for Foreign Medical Education (ECFMG) whereby physicians applying for ECFMG certification from 2024 onwards, must have graduated from a university medical center accredited by a quality assurance agency that is recognized by the WFME. The COMAEM (Mexican Council for the Accreditation of Medical Education) is endorsed by the WFME and other international organizations that ensure the quality of higher education. The accreditation granted by COMAEM is a recognition that the medical program meets the criteria, indicators and quality parameters established by this organization. Starting in 2024, graduates of an accredited program will be able to apply for ECFMG certification through the United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE) and thus be able to do a specialty residency or work in the U.S. In Peru, only the Alberto Hurtado School of Medicine of the Cayetano Heredia Peruvian University has completed the international accreditation process through COMAEM and has received such accreditation.

Effects of Child Abuse and Neglect on Oral Hygiene and Nutrition in North Indian School Students: A Cohort Study

This study investigated the relationship between dental hygiene and child maltreatment, malnutrition, and overall development. The researchers examined 900 students aged 5-15 years from government schools in Lucknow district, Uttar Pradesh. The study observed nutritional status by assessment of the physiological status of the body based on its height and weight and signs of abuse/neglect. The results showed that 260 abused students had poor dental hygiene, and 236 of them were mild to moderately malnourished. In comparison, 362 non-abused students had dental neglect, and 232 were moderately malnourished. These findings highlight a significant association between dental care neglect, child maltreatment, and malnutrition. It is crucial to address the social stigma surrounding this issue, normalize discussions, and encourage dentists to identify signs of abuse and inform relevant authorities about potential discrepancies.

Main results and public health implications of the National School Health Survey (ENSE), Colombia 2017

Introduction: The school population represents a fundamental group for health promotion actions, given that the foundations of healthy behaviors in adult life are established in children and adolescents, who can be greatly influenced by the school. Objective: To describe the health-related behavioral factors of schoolchildren between 13 and 17 years of age in secondary and middle school in Colombia. Methods: A national cross-sectional study was conducted (i.e., School Health Survey -ENSE-) that recorded information on dietary practices, physical activity, alcohol and drug consumption, injuries and bullying, and oral, visual and hearing health. Sampling was probabilistic, cluster and multistage. Results: Schoolchildren have low consumption of fruits, vegetables (13.1%) and dairy (76.5 %), high consumption of ultra-processed foods (82.4 %), sugary drinks (74.0 %) and fast foods (14.8 %), frequent addition of salt at the table (43.3 %), low compliance with physical activity recommendations (15.0 %) and high sedentary lifestyle (46.3 %), frequent consumption of alcohol (44.7 %) and psychoactive substances (14.7 %), in addition to prevalent situations of bullying (15.4 %), rejection (8.2 %) and verbal aggression (42.7 %). Conclusions: The ENSE shows critical inequalities by gender, ethnicity and social class, throughout the country. The indicators observed in schoolchildren are precursors of various chronic and degenerative diseases and mental illness, which requires the urgent attention of the different social actors in the country.

Introducción: La población escolar es un grupo fundamental para las intervenciones de promoción de la salud, ya que en los niños y adolescentes se sientan las bases de un comportamiento saludable en la vida adulta, que puede ser muy influenciado por la escuela. Objetivo: Describir los factores comportamentales relacionados con la salud de los escolares de 13 a 17 años de edad que cursan educación básica secundaria y media en Colombia. Métodos: Se realizó una encuesta nacional transversal (Encuesta de Salud en Escolares -ENSE-) con los lineamientos de Global School-based Student Health Survey para recolectar información sobre prácticas alimentarias, actividad física, consumo de alcohol y drogas, lesiones e intimidación, y salud bucal, visual y auditiva. El muestreo fue probabilístico, por conglomerados y polietápico. Resultados: Se incluyeron 79.640 escolares de 298 municipios. Los escolares presentaron bajo consumo de frutas, verduras (13.1%) y productos lácteos (76.5 %), alto consumo de alimentos ultraprocesados (82.4 %), bebidas azucaradas (74.0 %) y comidas rápidas (14.8 %); alto uso de sal añadida en la mesa (43.3 %), actividad física inferior a la recomendada (15.0 %) y sedentarismo (46.3 %). Fue frecuente el consumo de alcohol (44.7 %) y sustancias psicoactivas (14.7 %) y reportaron situaciones de intimidación (15.4 %), rechazo (8.2 %) y agresiones verbales (42.7 %). Conclusiones: La ENSE muestra desigualdades por género, etnia y clase social en todo el país. Los hallazgos observados en los escolares son factores de riesgo de enfermedades crónico-degenerativas y mentales, y requieren la atención urgente de los actores sociales del país.

Need of optical aids for schools for blind students in Pune and Nasik districts and compliance of their use

Purpose: To assess the need for spectacles and low?vision aids (LVA) in students attending schools for the blind and study their compliance with use. Methods: Comprehensive ocular evaluation was performed using a hand?held slit lamp and ophthalmoscope. Vision acuity was measured using a logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) chart for distance, as well as for near. Spectacles and LVAs were dispensed after refraction and LVA trial. Follow?up was performed to assess the vision using the LV Prasad Functional Vision Questionnaire (LVP?FVQ) along with compliance with use after 6 months. Results: Of the 456 students examined from six schools, 188 (41.2%) were female; 147 (32.2%) were <10 years of age. In all, 362 (79.4%) were blind since birth. The students dispensed only LVAs were 25 (5.5%), only spectacles were 55 (12.1%), and both spectacle and LVAs were 10 (2.2%). The vision improved using LVAs in 26 (5.7%) and using spectacles in 64 (9.6%). There was a significant improvement in LVP?FVQ scores (P < 0.001). Also, 68/90 students were available for follow?up, of whom 43 (63.2%) were compliant to use. Causes of not wearing spectacles or LVA in 25 were left somewhere or lost 13 (52%), broken 3 (12%), uncomfortable to use 6 (24%), not interested to use 2 (8%), and got operated 1 (4%). Conclusion: Although the dispensing of LVA and spectacles improved the visual acuity and vision function of 90/456 (19.7%) students, nearly a third were not using them after 6 months. Efforts need to be taken to improve the compliance of use

Evaluation of the Biochemical, Physicochemical and Microbiological Quality of Soft Drinks Sold in Some Elementary School of Williamsville (Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire)

The sale of soft drinks in and around primary schools is recurrent in Côte d'Ivoire. The objective of this work is to evaluate the rate of some biochemical and physicochemical parameters and the health risks related to the consumption of soft drinks. The biochemical and physicochemical parameters were determined according to the standard SOXHLET technique, that of Kjeldhal and also that described by Dubois et al in1956. Potentially pathogenic and pathogenic germs were enumerated and researched according to reference methods described by AFNOR. The moisture content of the different beverages ranged from 3.9±0.05 to 3.2±0.05, and the sugar content from 26.06±2.05 to 5.96±1.60. For the acidity, the higher value was 0.93± 0.15 (Bissap juice) and the lowest was 0.64± 0.02 (Tamarind juice). For proteins, the high value was 44.15 ± 0.11 (Milk Mint Juice) and the low value was 38.15 ± 0.11 (Ginger Juice). As for dry matter, the highest value was found in ginger juice (44.76 ±0.02) and the lowest in bissap juice (40.96 ±0.01). Soft drinks sold in Williamsville schools contain such potentially pathogenic species as Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus with a wide range of loadings in the drinks. Escherichia coli was not identified. No Salmonella was observed in the different soft drinks analyzed. The presence of potentially pathogenic germs could pose a danger to school children.

Adaptation of the Psychological Wellbeing Scale in Mexican medical students / Adaptación de la Escala de Bienestar Psicológico en estudiantes Mexicanos de medicina

Abstract Introduction The Ryff Scale of Psychological Well-Being is the most widely used instrument for assessing the eudemonic perspective of well-being. Although it has been adapted for the Spanish population, it has not been modified for health science students in the Mexican population. Objective Adapt and obtain the psychometric properties of this scale for medical students in the Mexican population. Method The study was conducted with 1,974 undergraduate students, 1,551 from the UNAM Medicine Faculty and 423 from the La Salle University Mexican School of Medicine. The analysis was undertaken using the IBM SPSS Statistics 21 and AMOS 21 SPSS programs. Results An instrument with a robust structure derived from the exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses carried out was obtained, with satisfactory explained variance, adequate internal consistency obtained through the Cronbach's alpha coefficient, and appropriate discrimination. Discussion and conclusion Our adaptation is a suitable version for Mexican medical students with four final dimensions; purpose in life, personal rejection and self-acceptance, personal control, and personal growth.

Resumen Introducción La Escala de Bienestar Psicológico de Carol Ryff es la más utilizada para evaluar la perspectiva eudaimónica de bienestar. Si bien se ha adaptado para población española no se ha adaptado para estudiantes de ciencias de la salud de población mexicana. Objetivo Realizar adaptación y obtener propiedades psicométricas de esta escala para estudiantes de medicina de población mexicana. Método El estudio se desarrolló con 1974 estudiantes de pregrado, 1551 de la Facultad de Medicina de la UNAM y 423 de la Escuela Mexicana de Medicina de la Universidad La Salle. El análisis desarrollado se realizó mediante el programa IBM SPSS Statistics 21 y AMOS 21 de SPSS. Resultados Se obtuvo un instrumento con una estructura sólida derivada de los análisis factoriales exploratorios y confirmatorios desarrollados, con una varianza explicada satisfactoria, una consistencia interna obtenida mediante el coeficiente alfa de Cronbach adaptada y una discriminación favorable. Discusión y conclusión El artículo es una adaptación del instrumento adecuada para estudiantes de medicina mexicanos con cuatro dimensiones finales; proyecto de vida, rechazo personal y auto aceptación, control personal y crecimiento personal.

Prevalence of Smartphone Addiction and its Relation with Depression among School-going Adolescents

Background: Smartphone addiction among adolescents is an increasingly recognized problem worldwide. It affects the psychological well-being of an individual. Aim and objective: The current study aimed to assess smartphone addiction’s prevalence and its relation to depression among adolescents. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 400 school-going adolescents. Smartphone Addiction Scale - Short version (SAS-SV) and Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) were used to assess the prevalence of smartphone addiction and depression. Data were analyzed using Epi info software for windows (CDC, Atlanta). Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Results: The mean age of study participants was 14.4 years (SD=1.5 years). The prevalence of smartphone addiction was 23%, while depression was present among 45% of the study participants. Comparatively higher duration of smartphone use was significantly associated with smartphone addiction. Depression was significantly higher among smartphone addicts (77.2%) as compared to their counterparts (35.4%). Conclusion and Recommendation: The smartphone usage of adolescents, if not monitored, could lead to its addiction and thus increase the risk of depression among them. To prevent smartphone addiction, limiting children’s screen time is recommended. In this regard, parents can play a pivotal role by becoming responsible digital role models for their children.